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Thursday 10 January 2013

Types of Haemorrhage (Bleeding) – Measures to control Haemorrhage



Types of Haemorrhage based on the Source
§  Arterial Haemorrhage - Bright Red, Spurting / Pulsatile in nature
§  Venous Haemorrhage - Dark red, Continuous in nature
§  Capillary Haemorrhage- Bright Red, Continuous in nature
Types of Haemorrhage based on Time of onset
§  Primary Haemorrhage
§  Reactionary Haemorrhage
§  Secondary Haemorrhage
Primary Haemorrhage
   Haemorrhage occurring at the time of Injury/Trauma/Surgery


Reactionary Haemorrhage
  
Haemorrhage occurring within first 24 hrs following Trauma/Surgery
  
The causes Reactionary Haemorrhage
1)    Slipping away of Ligatures
2)    Dislodgement of Clots
3)    Cessation of Reflex vaso spasm
4)    Normalization of Blood Pressure
Secondary Haemorrhage
  
 Haemorrhage occurring after 7 -14 days after Trauma/Surgery.
 The attributed cause is infection and sloughing away of the blood vessels

How to control Haemorrhage ( 5 Ps)
§  Position-Any bleeding from the limb can be controlled to a certain extent by elevating the limb above the level of heart.
§  Pressure-Applying firm pressure directly over the area we can control bleeding. In case of complete cut injury of a hand/ foot direct pressure over the brachial artery at the cubital fossa or the femoral artery at the mid inguinal point results in the arrest of bleeding.
§  Packing- Epistaxis due to a local cause can be controlled by sterile nasal packing.
§  Procedure- Applying sutures/ stapler clips over the bleeding vessels one can control bleeding.
§  Patience- The confidence of the doctor in handling a situation is all the more important. If he can take control of the situation everything will be under control and if he becomes panic , everything will be upside down.

Query- What if a bleeding occurs after 24hrs and before 7 days?

Answer:- In the Medical Literature it is mentioned that bleeding during this period is very unlikely. This is true in my experience also .

(Thanks for the query.)





10 comments:

  1. so when there is bleeding after 24hrs and before 7 days, how are you gonna call it? it does not fit in any of your definitions

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    Replies
    1. Primary hemorrhage- during operation
      Reactionary hemorrhage- 24 hrs after operation
      Secondary hemorrhage- after 24 hrs till wounds heals (taking 10-14 days)

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  2. This is awesome. Thanks for the query answer as well!

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